09 December 2008

Carl Sagan's thoughts about marijuana

(This account was written in 1969 for publication in Marihuana Reconsidered (1971). Sagan was in his mid-thirties at that time. He continued to use cannabis for the rest of his life.)

…Initially I was unwilling to partake, but the apparent euphoria that cannabis produced and the fact that there was no physiological addiction to the plant eventually persuaded me to try… I have smoked occasionally and enjoyed it thoroughly. It amplifies torpid sensibilities and produces what to me are even more interesting effects…

The cannabis experience has greatly improved my appreciation for art, a subject which I had never much appreciated before…

A very similar improvement in my appreciation of music has occurred with cannabis. For the first time I have been able to hear the separate parts of a three-part harmony and the richness of the counterpoint…

The enjoyment of food is amplified; tastes and aromas emerge that for some reason we ordinarily seem to be too busy to notice… Cannabis also enhances the enjoyment of sex…

I do not consider myself a religious person in the usual sense, but there is a religious aspect to some highs. The heightened sensitivity in all areas gives me a feeling of communion with my surroundings, both animate and inanimate…

When I'm high I can penetrate into the past, recall childhood memories, friends, relatives, playthings, streets, smells, sounds, and tastes from a vanished era. I can reconstruct the actual occurrences in childhood events only half understood at the time…

I find that most of the insights I achieve when high are into social issues, an area of creative scholarship very different from the one I am generally known for. I can remember one occasion, taking a shower with my wife while high, in which I had an idea on the origins and invalidities of racism in terms of gaussian distribution curves. It was a point obvious in a way, but rarely talked about. I drew the curves in soap on the shower wall, and went to write the idea down. One idea led to another, and at the end of about an hour of extremely hard work I found I had written eleven short essays on a wide range of social, political, philosophical, and human biological topics. Because of problems of space, I can't go into the details of these essays, but from all external signs, such as public reactions and expert commentary, they seem to contain valid insights. I have used them in university commencement addresses, public lectures, and in my books.

… I am convinced that there are genuine and valid levels of perception available with cannabis (and probably with other drugs) which are, through the defects of our society and our educational system, unavailable to us without such drugs…

… If you're high and your child is calling, you can respond about as capably as you usually do. I don't advocate driving when high on cannabis, but I can tell you from personal experience that it certainly can be done. My high is always reflective, peaceable, intellectually exciting, and sociable, unlike most alcohol highs, and there is never a hangover…

… the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insight, sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world.

(the rest of the essay is available at this link.)(that link died; try this one)

46 comments:

  1. I've heard this before but never looked into it.

    It's probable that you already know this, but I was surprised to find out that William F. Buckley smoked it, as well. Apparently, he would only smoke outside of U.S. territorial waters in his yacht.

    Buckley marijuana links via Google:

    http://tinyurl.com/62m5gs

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  2. In my own personal life, I've always felt that drugs were a destructive force that could render the one truly amazing gift from God useless: that of the mind.

    Cannabis doesn't "enable" one to "appreciate" anything, much less serve the hundreds of supposed "therapeutic" uses, it retards brain function. It's bad for the lungs, can be addictive if used frequently, smells bad, and can lead to the use of stronger and much more damaging drugs. It changes perception all right, to the point where you can't operate heavy machinery...like a car.

    The fact that Carl Sagan thought is was an "enlightening" experience explains his humanist view of the creation of the universe, and his failure to see the periphery of God in that Creation. Pi, good sir, is NOT a product of smoking pot.

    But hey, don't let me stop you. Suck it down, weed.

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    1. While I don't agree with Dr Sagan's spiritual views, I do agree with his views on weed, something you know nothing about.I deal with people like you on a daily basis. People who get their "facts" from the 5 o'clock news and other biased sources which are controlled by the pharmaceutical giants that rake in billions annually from fat chumps like you who believe everything the "experts" tell them . The style of your writing seethes with arrogance, which indicate a delusional sense of grandeur. Perhaps you should speak from what you know and not merely what you've heard.

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    2. http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20030701/heavy-marijuana-use-doesnt-damage-brain

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    3. Kern, Brian: We could simply call you a "doofus" & ignore you, as we have
      done since Dec 2008, but by now perhaps your delusion has "washed away" so I just wonder if you've been touched by sanity yet!

      Wake up! This is no longer a point for debate, it is scientifically proven - medical cannabis should be available to any person anywhere for any reason - CANNABINOIDS are found in mothers breast milk, and will SAVE LIVES on every level! Babies & children included! Rick Simpson for King! I am Dave P.

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    5. (Cameron, I'm re-posting your comments after deleting the personal attacks:)

      "I've always felt that drugs were a destructive force that could render the one truly amazing gift from God useless: that of the mind.

      Funny - I feel very strongly that religion is a destructive force that could render the one truly amazing gift nature has bestowed upon us: that of the mind.

      Cannabis doesn't "enable" one to "appreciate" anything

      It "enables" me to "appreciate" the humour in your …. comments... If I wasn't high right now, your comments wouldn't have made me laugh as hard.

      much less serve the hundreds of supposed "therapeutic" uses, it retards brain function.

      Do you have a source to back this up? Probably not, since…

      It's bad for the lungs

      If smoked, sure; however, there are plenty of other methods of consumption.

      can be addictive if used frequently

      Many studies have shown no physiological dependence - no physical withdrawal symptoms. There may be some psychological dependence... but that can be attributed to my mind just loving the stuff so damn much! Afterall, human beings do have cannabinoid receptors in their brains... they just want some lovin'.

      smells bad

      Entirely subjective. I love the smell. I know non-smokers who enjoy the scent, and I know smokers who could do without the odour. The fact that you would even produce this point as a valid deterrent for marijuana use embodies…

      and can lead to the use of stronger and much more damaging drugs

      Only if you want it to. Mushrooms are fun, Salvia is interesting. One is entirely in control of their own mental facilities. I've never tried cocaine, although I've had may opportunities to. If this is a legitimate concern of yours, then…

      It changes perception all right, to the point where you can't operate heavy machinery

      I don't know about anyone else here, but when I'm high the last thing I want to do is operate heavy machinery. The heaviest machine I want to operate while stoned is my 52-inch television.

      The fact that Carl Sagan thought is was an "enlightening" experience explains his humanist view of the creation of the universe, and his failure to see the periphery of God in that Creation. Pi, good sir, is NOT a product of smoking pot.

      And exactly how much have you studied the physics of the universe? If I were a betting man (... and I am), I would wager you've spent FAR less time considering the mechanics of the universe than Dr. Sagan.

      To conclude, I've smoked marijuana now for 7 years, with only a year of non-daily use. Like Carl Sagan, I am a student of physics, and will be graduating with my BSc. in the field this June…"

      (You're new to the blog, so I'll explain this one time that on TYWKIWDBI I allow comments with any point of view, but absolutely no ad hominem attacks against other commenters. I've edited this to retain your rebuttals, but in the future any comments with insults to others will just get vaporized.)

      Admin

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    6. You've been brainwashed with propaganda.

      If marijuana caused lung problems, why does it heal the lungs? If marijuana causes lung damage, then why has no one ever had lung damage from it? This is like an episode of sesame street.

      Watching TV is shameful, watching while high should be illegal. Get it? That would save the world. Not destroy it.

      The fact that Carl Sagan was so intelligent and successful and obviously wasn't afraid to say the truth about the worlds most powerfully healing herb, obviously twists a bunch of panties into a bunch.

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    7. Even if everything you said were true, why is Alcohol legal then? Why are cigarettes legal? Why is smoking cigarettes while you're pregnant legal? Furthermore, why do you believe in god? Is it because of a religion?

      Because if you believe your religion to be so accurate than why are there plenty of older religions that pre date the times of your messiah, with very strikingly similar stories? Do you believe in him because something couldn't come from nothing? Well where did your God come from then?

      Why do you suspect that the earth existed for billions of years with no forms of life on it? Was your perfect god taking a nap? Why then did Dinosaurs exist far before us? Were they created in his image too? Is your God a Human/Raptor shape shifter?



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    8. Argue with someone who's family has been ripped apart by the stuff. Cannibis floods your brain with dopamine, schizophrenia is a product of a dopamine imbalance in the brain. Prolongued smoking can cause damage. Perhaps you've been ok, but please consider those who have had to grow up with someone you love become a different person who can't deal with simple tasks before you get on your high horses about how harmless it is. And YES it was JUST weed!

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  3. Most people can't see beyond what we are told. Religion has a way of putting blinders on people. Carl Sagan was experimenting not sinning!!

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  4. Brian Kern:
    Well I beg to differ, it has enabled me to look past daily routines, enjoy arts and find value in slower pace (productivity is not measure of human value etc), but of course these experiences are individual and any substance can be misused, in this case it mostly leads to social problems.
    And the other stuff is trivial, you can vaporize or eat it without damage to lungs (but you still get your part of exhaust fumes on the freeway), in a habit forming way sure (it being bad or good habit is up to the individual), it smells good (subjective), and can lead to fridge, loud music and love making (anything can lead you to hard drugs, mostly environmental factors).

    Actually since astronomers and physicist haven't yet come up with any practical explanation for Big bang, I think they should just rename it to something along the lines of *supernatural event initiated by your selected deity*. Maybe it'd help reduce counterpositioning of science and faith .. spritual matters can exist on top of the visual reality.
    Scientists maybe but science itself doesn't really need faith it just defines things we can measure.

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  5. "The fact that Carl Sagan thought is was an "enlightening" experience explains his humanist view of the creation of the universe, and his failure to see the periphery of God in that Creation"

    Is that why William f Buckley smoked pot and was a conservative catholic? He saw "periphery of God in that Creation". What the HELL does marijuana use have to do with humanist beliefs? Oh NOTHING! What a bizarre, idiotic statement for you to make!

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  6. The quote of Mr. Kern, "The fact that Carl Sagan thought is was an "enlightening" experience explains his humanist view of the creation of the universe"

    thought is was, hmmmm. Very good sober boy.

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  7. As a daily cannabis user for years who hasn't used it for 6 years now, I have strong feelings on the subject.

    Reading this did make me feel some romantic longing for my old friend, but I can see things from a different perspective now. While using it, I formulated my life and my views around the justification that there was nothing wrong with using it. I see things differently now.

    I agree with Sagan, that it can assist the mind in appreciation and insight. However, I feel that it is a counterfeit version of finding these things out through the normal means. For myself, I found that the use of it for enjoyment and reflection created a deficit that needed to be paid back. This was an emotional deficit. I told myself, and really believed, that I smoked it for leisure and that it wasn't something I leaned on. To force myself into feeling good on command is a form of control that was not good for me. Instead of actually dealing with life on life's terms, I would smoke it and put life on my terms. I see now that I was simply not dealing with my negative emotions in a healthy manner, and since being clean of it, I've really had to go through some tough times to clean out all the negative emotion I've avoided and jarred up. I find now that the connection I have with myself and my life is so strong, that I wouldn't be willing to compromise my soberness of mind for anything.

    Pot is a very fun thing to do that feels great, but I do not feel that it helps people when used for leisure. Many people are able to be successful, despite their habits (i.e. John Lennon shot heroin), but I don't think that makes it okay. Carl Sagan wasn't noteworthy because he smoked pot. He was noteworthy because of his god given intellect.

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  8. great comment jesse!
    i too, was a regular cannabis smoker/eater/admirer, not having used any now for more than 2 years.
    my Teacher, though allowing alcohol and tobacco believes marijuana and all artificial stimulants/substances, ''entheogens'' etc. are detrimental to one's inner being [development] AND DO NOT WORK TOGETHER. He says it causes confusion and changes the way the brain works.
    i do confess that a deep experience of peaceful brotherhood led me to THE WAY. but they point out that It was only a vehicle, door and like all vehicles must be left behind once 'inside'. just as you would not take your car inside some one's office or home.

    the bigger question is: when you go to the bookstore...maybe looking for bestsellers... see RUMI open it up and see his love for God, why not emulate him?

    ''the door is never closed''.

    the saying goes: God said, ''take whatever you like, but you must pay for it''.

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    1. How can you say the marijuana is artificial right after saying your "teacher" allowed alcohol and tobacco, both which are process much more significantly before ingestion that marijuana. Fact. Also, any legitimate person trying to "teach" you to survive without any type of drug, wouldn't allow you to use a different one in it's place.

      I mean, cause that really makes sense. Let's get rid of a natural physco active drug and replace it with TWO chemically enhanced DEPRESSANTS. Cause that's how we make better people.

      The fact is that a vast majority of those advocating against marijuana have NO facts to back them up besides what mommy and daddy told them and what they hear on the news. Vast majorities NEVER tried it, like my own father, but yet denounce it. These are the same people that think it's okay to go out and get blackout drunk, just because it's legal and pot isn't.

      If you used pot to mask and cover your problems in your life, well that's your fault. And you could have easily had done that with alcohol or any other drugs. You used them for the wrong reasons. Carl Sagan used pot for enlightenment and personal pleasure, not an escape from reality. He talked very much of infusing his highs with reality. Some people can't handle smoking pot, just like I can't handle smoking alcohol. But you don't see me whining and degrading others in life an in cyberspace. No. Like was said before I'm at home sitting in front of my flat screen, or by a campfire. I'm not bothering you. But I know plenty of drunk people who have caused problems.


      Think before you type. Try before you judge. Learn...before you try to educate.

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  9. Brian Kern, the gift from God is not the mind. It's eternal salvation. Please read your holy book before trying to justify your misguided beliefs.

    "Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed which is upon the face of all the earth.…To you it will be for meat." (Genesis 1:29-31)

    "Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times, some shall … speak lies in hypocrisy … commanding to abstain from meats which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth." (Paul: 1, Timothy 4:1-3)

    "On either side of the river was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielding her fruit every month; and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations."(Revelations 22:1-2)

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  10. To Brian, to everyone...

    It is a fact, that no human has the ability to know where we come from, why we are here, or where we are going. There are no absolute truths, just subjective relative truths. One may be an avid Christian for years, proclaiming that Jesus Christ died for your sins, and that the only way to the Father was through Him. To you, that belief is truth, absolute truth. But to the outside looking in, it is relative truth. To the hindu, the buddhist, the muslim, the athiest etc...

    In the same sense, recreational drug use is relative. People believe differently, people react differently, and people choose to live their lives differently. Unfortunately, most people are too self-righteous to admit that their views and beliefs may not be universal truths, rather relative. It would be too damaging to their faith to admit that their "truth" may not be absolute.

    I am not trying to bash any religion, in fact I am doing the opposite. I commend your faith in a higher power, and pray you live by faith, love, righteousness, kindness, patience, empathy, compassion etc... However, you must come to terms with the fact that everyone is different, and no one, including yourself, has been 'shown the truth". To you, yes, you may have seen the truth, but it is relative. My truth may be different than your truth, just as my experience with pot may be different than yours.

    My experiences with the herb have been positive (of course you have bad experiences too, but the good outweigh the bad); an opening of my mind, a release of fear of the 'real world" (whatever that even is), an empathetic(not apathetic) take on all matters of life, and a true connectivity to nature, our true Father, or "Mother".

    God bless you all, but please do not judge others for using drugs that you believe to be so dangerous and "addictive". Just because you have had bad experiences with it, have used it to bottle your emotional problems, or want to belittle and judge others for using it, does not mean it is evil. Remember, everything is relative, not absolute.

    deus sive natura

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  11. Many of these comments are a disgrace to Carl. Carl was completely right, marijuana can be a very rewarding experience! I feel sorry for people like Brian Kern, ignorant people who will live their lives with false perceptions of the world. And people like Jesse who can't seem to be able to handle things and see things in black or white (i.e. pot is bad, pot either controls your life and is what you do for fun, or its not, there is no in between). And as a slap in the face, Jesse calls Sagan's intellect "god given". This is pathetic. What is wrong with you people. It makes me sick that no matter how many brilliant insights humanity has, no matter how many geniuses have come and gone giving us amazing discovers about our universe, so many people are still brainwashed in religion. Weak-minded people, petrified of death and the absence of an afterlife, afraid of the truth. Please learn from Carl.

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    1. well said and I admire your choice of polite language - black&white/right& wrong/win`lose. So few want to grasp reality, but rather attend to rote & propaganda, succumb to fear, thus requesting govt.& "CHURCH" leaders to protect us from ourselves!

      Such sadness saddens my happiest times!

      I am Dave P.

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    2. i wish i could high five both of you

      carl sagan is my hero

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  12. I have smoked marijuana twice - many years ago. It made me laugh, laugh, and laugh some more. For no apparent reason. It made me hungry - so very hungry. The first time I ate junk food - chips & dip and drank soda. The second time I ate Italian food -- I remember it tasting so good - and I couldn't get enough of it! The deep and restful sleep was the most memorable. Today, in my mid-sixties, I wish I could sleep as well. On occasion I take over the counter sleep aids, I sleep OK but do feel a bit groggy in the morning. If marijuana was legal today, a few puffs before bedtime would be welcomed.

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  13. I've always felt vaguely uneasy about Carl Sagan. He struck me as more judgmental, more political, fonder of publicity than I expect from a someone whose life is ostensibly dedicated to scientific inquiry.

    His reflections on pot use trouble me further, because they paint a picture of someone who, from a humanistic standpoint, is just not all that learned and not all that inquisitive. While I was refreshed to read a distinguished academic admitting his intellectual limitations, I was shocked by the degree of those limitations. He never appreciated art before, as an adult, he took a soft drug? He could never hear counterpoint in music before, as an adult, he took a soft drug? This man graduated from and worked at some of America's best universities. He became a renowned man of wisdom. It could be fairly said that Sagan has been positively idolized as a public symbol of humanistic thought and inquiry. That all that time entire wings of human accomplishment were outside his appreciation -that he could not hear simple counter point, that he had no appreciation of art- well, clearly he didn't lack the intellectual capacity to appreciate those things. He must have simply neglected or shut himself off from those things until drugs caught him unawares and sprung them on him. This is greatly at odds with Sagan's image.

    It is often said that drugs lower ones inhibitions. Whatever one thinks of Sagan's drug use, or of his views on the nature of human life or religion or politics, he comes across here as more than just narrow of mind and learning. He comes across as intellectually inhibited when not on drugs - as actively shutting off inquiry that ought to happen effortlessly to an educated mind. And I am now thinking that this is what has long made me unsure of him.

    I'm very glad I read this.

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  14. "He must have simply neglected or shut himself off from those things until drugs caught him unawares and sprung them on him. This is greatly at odds with Sagan's image."
    What an odd way to interpret Sagan's statement. My first impulse would be to guess that marijuana oppened new dimensions of experience for him, as it has for me. Instead, you almost seem to think that marijuana is a thinking, acting agent, that can trap us, and push ideas into our conscious.
    Ever tried it?
    "When you make the finding yourself - even if you're the last person on Earth to see the light - you'll never forget it."
    - Carl Sagan

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  15. "A thinking acting agent that can trap us?" There is nothing in my post to suggest that I regard marijuana as any such thing. I'd appreciate you not churning your own prejudices or agendae into my argument to facilitate your own self-aggrandizing, demonstrative response. Thanks. And ftr, I've tried marijuana plenty.

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  16. Well said, deus.

    "He never appreciated art before, as an adult, he took a soft drug?"

    God you're judgmental. I guess you appreciate every style of art then? Every style of painting/sculpture/music/poetry? And you appreciate the scientific beauty of the universe?

    No, you probably don't have time for or don't care about some of those. But then if you get high and are exposed to them it's much more accessible.

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    1. Sagan said he had been unable "to hear the separate parts of a three-part harmony." That's not a style - it's a fundamental element of a universal vernacular art. Being unable to hear individual voices and parts is not analogous to not caring about cubism. It's analogous to not being able to recognize colors or see the texture of brushstrokes. It's pretty damn basic.

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  17. Carl's thoughts are hardly a "humanist" view on the topic of marijuana. I would encourage people who use tobacco and alcohol to research the history of marijuana, you may be surprised by what you find.

    Carl is a beautiful man who contributed so much to humanity, and to see him being attacked by members of a religious organisation over a plant, that if not for attempting to control Mexicans would still be legal in America, is disgusting. Show some respect for someone who gave so much to us as a species.

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  18. "His reflections on pot use trouble me further, because they paint a picture of someone who, from a humanistic standpoint, is just not all that learned and not all that inquisitive." - Anon

    Have you ever even heard of Carl Sagan before?

    This comment is mindblowingly idiotic.

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    1. Nope, never heard of him.

      Of course I've heard of him. That's why this comment was so surprising to me - because, as I stated explicitly, I had an image of him and the comment was wholly counter to that image. Are you suggesting that I somehow had a preconceived image of someone I had never heard about? Thanks for playing.

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  19. If I may interject...marijuana doesn't slow brain function, it causes brain cells that would not normally activate to active.

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  20. "It's bad for the lungs, can be addictive if used frequently, smells bad..."

    It smells bad? That's one of the reasons why pot is bad?

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  21. Everybody's different, and not everybody enjoys weeds affects.
    I'm 47 and have been smoking weed pretty steady since I was 12. The last couple of IQ tests I've taken were while I was smoking. I scored 130 and 133 on them. Recently I graduated with honors from the local technical college with a degree in electricity.
    It's been my experience that weed is far more mind broadening than belief in deities.

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  22. Unfortunatley, I know two then teenagers who developed serious, one severe, mental illness after smoking pot. One recovered but the other - a beautiful and talented girl -developed such severe schizophrenia that she had to be institutionalised permanently. It does not affect most people, but it can trigger schizophrenia that otherwise would be appear.

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    1. You, I, and everyone else knows that whatever mental illness sufferred by this beautiful girl was not directly linked to smoking pot, that's the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard. If that were true (permanent schizophrenia caused by smoking pot) it would be all over the news - would you mind posting a link of the story?

      "… the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insight, sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world."

      Well said Carl. Down with anti-marijuana propaganda!

      My parents (now in their 60's - I myself am 32) are unfortnately both victims of this propaganda - they will always see it as "bad", they will never, ever even consider trying it. So brainwashed they are by all the negative stereotypes that they grew up with, along with marijuana being classified as an "illegal drug." Such a pity.

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    2. Canehan - marijuana does not cause schizophrenia. Let's be clear. The etiology of mental disorders is very complex including biological, as well as psychosocial influences. Most present in adolescence to early adulthood. I am sorry for your friends, but pot did not cause their disorder. More likely, there is a genetic connection, but the truth is, we simply do not know what causes these disorders.

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  23. Make it legal and tax it to kingdom come so the deficit can be paid.

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  24. Yeahh, lets get another bunch of druggies on the road. Yeahh Im all in!!!! give me six full dubbies this hour and I will drive into your neighborhood, too bad if I hit your kid, your kid got in my way. I tried to stop but because I was high, my mental reaction time was cut in half, also another thing, I will be there next morning in your neighborhood still high from last night's 6 dubbies while I drive through your neighborhood. Hey give me some more!!!!! I am sorry if I cause you to have a traumatic experience at the loss of your first born kindergartener. Yeahh, let's legalize marijuana!!!!!!! Maybe I should of just stayed home got lazy ate out your kitchen cupboards because I was crazy hungry. I need another hit. I was depressed!!!! Oh was I supposed to work tomorrow at my McDonalds minimum wage job as a store manager?

    The problem with marijuana, Pot, whatever you want to call it is different for everyone, when you take it you are invoking a wildcard. BTW, If I were to have a kid, He would probably think its cool, he would be so high most of the time, that he can't pay attention in his high school classroom. They call it ADD.Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Let us give him some Ridalin instead to calm his senses and nervous. system, if your so hot on getting high, why don't you meditate, or do Shamanic Breathwork, it is easy to alter your state of consciousness drastically without any ill effects to your nervous system, mental capabilities or whatever just by sitting in meditation or prayer. Why force another foreign substance into your system? Granted pot grows in the woods, if you legalize it the producers will be given free right to pump even more Chemical Growth Hormones in it to have a good crop to meet all of those new users you have just given permission to get high legally. It would be a repeat of the tobacco industry but instead you can waist your mind as well with pot!!! Sounds great!!! I'm in. NOT!!!!!
    Practice a little controlled hyperventilation and you'll get the same effects as pot. I know I've tried both, I smoked pot regularly half a dozen times a day for months in the early eighties when it was cool!!! After I decided to take control of my life in 1986, I ended up having a severe psychotic break, that it has taken me 24 years to recover from. I am getting my Master's of Transpersonal Psychology and don't need pot to expand my mind and consciousness!!!!! You shouldn't either!!!! Let us not legalize marijuana!!! We should have never legalized tobacco except for ceremonial purposes, or alcohol for that matter. The world would probably be a much better place than it is. Not so many people dying from drug crazed alcoholics or druggies who did not have the proper self-control when they decided to get in front of the wheel.

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    1. I don't think there is any question as to the education level reached by Gregory Garceau.

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  26. Carl Sagan was a walking god among us!

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  27. Precisely why the article was authored by a Mr. X. If you are so closed minded about cannabis how could you even remotely start to understand the cosmos. Marijuana does not make your life a drag it helps one to get through the drag of life.

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