11 November 2024

A reminder that ancient statuary was often painted


The painting is by Jean-Léon Gérôme - Painting Breathes Life into Sculpture, 1893. 
Although it was initially thought that Greek statues were mostly unadorned white marble, by the early 19th century the systematic excavation of ancient Greek sites brought forth a plethora of sculptures with traces of multicolored surfaces. Some of these traces are still visible to the naked eye even today, though in most examples the remaining color has faded or disappeared entirely once the statues were exposed to light and air. In spite of this overwhelming evidence for painted statues, influential art historians such as Johann Joachim Winckelmann so strongly opposed the idea of painted Greek sculpture that proponents of painted statues were dismissed as eccentrics and their views largely dismissed for several centuries. It wasn't until published findings by German archaeologist Vinzenz Brinkmann in the late 20th century and early 21st century that painted Greek sculptures became an established undeniable fact. Using high intensity lamps, ultraviolet light, special cameras, plaster casts and certain powdered minerals, Brinkmann was able to scientifically prove that the entire Parthenon, including the actual structure as well as the statues, was in fact painted. He furthermore was able to reveal the pigments of the original paint and has created several painted replicas of Greek statues that are currently on tour throughout the world. Also in the collection, are replicas of works from other Greek and Roman sculptures showing that the practice of painting sculpture was wide spread and in fact the normative practice rather than the exception in Greek and Roman culture.
More at the Wikipedia entry.  Image found at Miss Folly, via.


Reposted from 2010 to some text and add two images from BBC Culture:
Even bronze statues would have been much brighter than their dark brown appearance suggests today: bronze acquires a patina over time. What we see as a uniform greenish-brown head would once have been gleaming bright, almost golden. Hair would have been painted dark and the flesh might well have been painted too. The eye sockets of ancient statues are often empty, because the eyes were made separately, and they have been lost over time. There is a magnificent pair of Greek eyes in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York [above], made of bronze, marble, quartz and obsidian...

And the Greeks are not the only ones whose statues were painted: the Romans were similarly enthusiastic about brightening up their marble. Paolo Liverani, of the University of Florence, has worked on a project to recreate the statue of Augustus of Prima Porta [below]. The emperor’s statue was discovered in 1863, and showed traces of the paint which once decorated it. A cast of the statue, its polychromy restored (and, in part, imagined), now stands in the Vatican Museum.

And finally this interesting tywk:
Winckelmann was a particular fan of Roman marble copies of Greek bronze statues: the Romans often copied Greek originals in marble. You can tell it is a marble copy of a bronze if a figure is leaning on something: a tree trunk, or a staff, for example. Or perhaps there is a little chunk of marble joining the two legs together.  Marble lacks the tensile strength of bronze, so it requires extra support to keep the figures stable.
Reposted from 2018 to add this excerpt from an essay in Harper's Magazine
"In the center of the city, near the Capitoline Hill and the monstrous slab of wedding cake that is the Vittorio Emmanuele II monument, runs the Via delle Botteghe Oscure, a wide and—by Roman standards—relatively undistinguished street, most notable in recent times as the site of the headquarters of the Italian Communist Party. Patrick Modiano stole its name for one of his melancholy novels about Paris and historical amnesia, but this original “street of dark shops” was dark, for at least part of its history, because of smoke and soot. In the eighth and ninth centuries, it was the site of a kiln in which monuments were broken up and burned to make lime for mortar. The thought of workshops running for decade after decade, century after century, grinding up works of art and feeding them into ovens, induces a kind of sublime terror, a feeling of insignificance in the face of the past. So much has vanished, so much labor and human expression has turned to dust."

6 comments:

  1. It might be my modern sentiment, but the original coloration on these statues (as revealed by UV light) is extremely tacky and particularly jarring to the eye.

    Gizmodo had a piece on this back in 2010.

    https://io9.gizmodo.com/5616498/ultraviolet-light-reveals-how-ancient-greek-statues-really-looked

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    Replies
    1. One if my college art teachers decried the use of color, saying that most people ruin a good composition with poor color selection. Certainly, there is a grace and drama to the plain marble.

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  2. So... this guy, with the painted statues (and pubic hair) got it right, kinda:

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/05/06/hollywood-sheik/7d7b8efd-9695-4988-b55b-e0d96becb3f6/?utm_term=.ba887ffbba27

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  3. Not only the Greeks and Romans, the Maya did this too with their temples. What we see now as majestic stone temples rising out of the jungle were heavily stuccoed and painted. There was one site, Zacaleu maybe?, that tried to recreate it and a lot of people thought that it looked garish and tacky.

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    Replies
    1. Maybe the Maya had cataracts from chronic sun exposure so all the colors looked more muted? :-)

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  4. the way we’re conditioned to look preferentially at the ‘raw ware’, as it were, and eschew what we think of as their tacky paint jobs (the painters much less skilled and tasteful than the sculptors), i can’t help but imagine future archaeologists having the same debate over warhammer miniatures.

    raphael

    ReplyDelete

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