10 July 2019

So, what's the deal with this clock?



At the Facepalm subreddit, the top comment was that the clock was upside down (followed by a long discussion of having a diapered toddler in an all-white room).

What bothered me was that if the clockface were rotated to place the XII at the top, all the Vs would be upside down.  Perhaps the artist had adopted a sundial face for a wall clock?  Strange.

Scrolling down, I found a comment that maybe the hour hand is fixed and the ring of numbers rotate.  I don't know.  Time to move on.  Perhaps one of you can figure this out.

Addendum:  My question answered in the Comment section.   Hat tip to reader smittypap.

06 July 2019

Divertimento #165


"They’re called nurdles, and they’re the preproduction building blocks for nearly all plastic goods, from soft-drink bottles to oil pipelines. But as essential as they are for consumer products, nurdles that become lost during transit or manufacturing are also an environmental hazard. In the ocean and along coastal waterways, they absorb toxic chemicals and are often mistaken for food by animals. They also wash up by the millions on beaches, leaving coastal communities to deal with the ramifications."

"...scientists analyzed DNA to prove the existence of what might be the most fantastic hybrid of them all. They call it a narluga — the mash-up offspring of a beluga whale and a narwhal, the “unicorn of the sea.”

"The blockage was eventually cleared, but not before it created what one affected resident described as a “tornado of poop” in her bathroom, after raw sewage exploded from her toilet and immediately rendered her home completely uninhabitable."

"Because we're not morons."  A bumper sticker for the upcoming election proclaims your preference for "The Democrat 2020."

Striking photo of the face of an Ethiopian boy with Waardenburg Syndrome.

Giant wedding cake created at a cost of $50.

"The iron in 16 Psyche [asteroid] alone is estimated to be worth $10,000 quadrillion, if humans were able to somehow extract it and bring it to Earth, which sounds great, until you realize that the entire global economy is only worth $78 trillion. Injecting that much worth into the world economy would crash it, in a totally different kind of asteroid impact than most people think about."  (That of course doesn't make sense in economic terms, but it's an interesting concept to play with.)

The transition from a cash to a digital economy is wreaking havoc with strippers and lap-dancers.

"Just a few weeks before I arrived, he entered Nastasen’s tomb for the first time, swimming through the first chamber, then a second, then into a third and final room, where, beneath several feet of water, he saw what looked like a royal sarcophagus. The stone coffin appeared to be unopened and undisturbed."  From an awesome photoessay at National Geographic about Nubian tombs.

There is only one current national flag in the world that does not feature any of the colours red, white, or blue.

"After 6-Year Battle, Florida Couple Wins The Right To Plant Veggies In Front Yard."

"David Gilmour [Pink Floyd] auctioned off his guitars, including the black Fender Stratocaster that helped create Dark Side of the Moon and Shine On You Crazy Diamond. He said goodbye to the 12-string Martin behind Wish You Were Here. In all, he raised $21.5 million—that’s right, $21.5 million. He gave the proceeds from the most valuable auction of musical instruments in history to a nonprofit that fights climate change.


"Twenty-one oat-based cereal and snack products popular with children contain traces of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the weed killer Roundup, according to tests from the Environmental Working Group. EWG said the tests found glyphosate levels above what it considers safe for children in all but four of the products."

A subreddit devoted to jarrariums (lots of interesting photos).

The Atlantic asks people "what lost treasure would you most like to find?"

"Several states have passed — and many others have considered — so-called “ag gag” laws, which criminalize the undercover investigations that reveal abuses on farms. Legislators have been forthright about their motives too. They’re worried that evidence of what goes on on these farms will outrage Americans — so they want to ban it."

"According to the Times, Wall Street donors opening their wallets for the 2020 race are attracted to Biden's "ideological moderation," Buttigieg's "charisma and intellect," and Harris's "potential as a possible primary victor even as she now trails in the polls."... "It can't be Warren and it can't be Sanders," the CEO of a big bank anonymously told Politico."

"The Reason Chicago is Called "The Windy City" Has Nothing to Do With Wind"

A child underwent intrauterine (fetoscopic) surgery to correct spina bifida before he was born.

The word "blog" was invented 20 years ago. (TYWKIWDBI was born 12 years ago)

"The cost of holding migrant children who have been separated from their parents in newly created "tent cities" is $775 per person per night, according to an official at the Department of Health and Human Services — far higher than the cost of keeping children with their parents in detention centers or holding them in more permanent buildings."

A detailed analysis of the Perpetual Diamond optical illusion, with truly awesome gifs.  Visit this link even if you normally don't like optical illusions.

Therapy dogs are becoming more common in funeral homes.

"This phenomenon is known as overtourism, and like breakfast margaritas on an all-inclusive cruise, it is suddenly everywhere. A confluence of macroeconomic factors and changing business trends have led more tourists crowding to popular destinations. That has led to environmental degradation, dangerous conditions, and the immiseration and pricing-out of locals in many places. And it has cities around the world asking one question: Is there anything to be done about being too popular?"


"Veronica Belmont, a product manager at Adobe Spark, was riding the train down to Silicon Valley, doing some work on her phone, when dozens of teenagers plopped down into the seats around her. Within moments, her phone began blowing up. She received an AirDrop request containing an image of several boys’ Bitmoji characters dressed in chicken suits. A group of them snickered as she opened it and looked around. Belmont was confused. “I was like, I don’t know what this means!” she told me.
Anyone who has accidentally left their AirDrop settings open around a group of teens is likely familiar with the deluge of memes, selfies, and notes that arrives so quickly it can often freeze your phone... AirDrop culture has gone mainstream—and more adults are getting caught in the crossfire."

India may be teetering on the brink of increased ethnic and religious turmoil.

"It's time to break that cycle by fixing the root cause: the misuse of Social Security numbers as proof of identity by financial institutions, insurance companies, landlords, health care providers and just about everyone else. Congress can cure this addiction with a drastic remedy: directing the Social Security Administration to publish all active Social Security numbers five years from today, rendering them useless as authenticators while providing time for the industry to implement a secure authentication alternative. Congress could also choose to adopt privacy regulations that either incentivize strong security practices or punish negligent behavior.  Social Security numbers were never intended to be kept secret.

Data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) indicates that more than 31,000 people were treated in hospitals for umbrella-related injuries between 2008 and 2017.

A graduation cake purchased at Walmart was made out of styrofoam.

"So, early and late in his career, Shakespeare worked with other playwrights. In the middle, other playwrights seem to have worked with him, or at least worked on his scripts. The playwright Thomas Middleton had a hand in Macbeth, probably in Timon of Athens, and likely in both Measure for Measure and All’s Well That Ends Well. No doubt there are other collaborations in the Shakespeare canon. That’s the way plays were composed."

"The severed head of the world’s first full-sized Pleistocene wolf was unearthed in the Abyisky district in the north of Yakutia. " (photo at the link)

"Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Louisiana State University confirmed Bradley’s worst fears in forecasts published Monday, predicting this spring’s record rainfall would produce one of the largest-ever “dead zones” in the Gulf of Mexico. An area the size of New Jersey could become almost entirely barren this summer, posing a threat to marine species — and the fishermen who depend on them."


"The unusual death of a woman’s dog in Virginia has sparked outcry and a debate over whether it is ok to kill a healthy pet and bury it with its owner according to their dying wish. Emma, a shih tzu mix, was euthanised and cremated in March as per its owner’s will. The dog was put down despite the efforts of animal shelter workers who spent two weeks trying to talk the executor of the woman’s estate out of the plan.

"Plans to redraw the [$20 bill], replacing the slaveholding president Andrew Jackson with the abolitionist leader, are being put off until at least 2026, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin announced Wednesday."

This video shows how artificial intelligence can animate heads and faces from still images.

"Baseball’s timeless appeal is predicated upon an equilibrium between pitching and hitting, and in the past, when that equilibrium has been thrown off, the game has always managed, either organically or through small tweaks, to return to an acceptable balance. But there is growing evidence that essential equilibrium has been distorted by the increasing number of pitchers able to throw the ball harder and faster. Rising pitch velocity has altered the sport, many believe, and not necessarily in a good way... The 2018 season was the first in history in which strikeouts outpaced hits, a trend that has accelerated so far in 2019. The ball is in play less than ever, with a record 35.4 percent of plate appearances in 2019 resulting in a strikeout, walk or home run."

A good BBC read about decluttering one's life.

"The results reveal these individuals were part of a previously unknown yet widespread group, dubbed the Ancient North Siberians by the team, who were genetically distinct from both Western Eurasians and East Asians... the population that became the ancestors of native North Americans was the result of liaisons about 20,000 years ago between East Asians, who travelled north, and a group distantly related to the Ancient Northern Siberians."

"The Attorney General who ordered Chelsea Manning back to prison for refusing to comply with a subpoena... is refusing to comply with a subpoena."

A zoomable map of the United States "where city names are replaced by their most Wikipedia’ed resident: people born in, lived in, or connected to a place."

"Old houses in Ireland often have horse skulls buried beneath the floors, but folklorists and archaeologists disagree on exactly why."

Putting the fun back in funerals.  "At my funeral take the bouquet off the casket and throw it into the crowd to see who next."


This week MAD magazine announced that it is ceasing publication after 67 years.  The embedded images are some of my favorite covers from my collection of 1960s-era issues, which I'm in the process of selling on eBay.

"Who cooks for YOU?"



Discussed at Human Parts.

05 July 2019

Thoughts upon rereading T. S. Eliot's "Four Quartets"


I recently found on my bookshelf a half-century-old copy of T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets.  I must have purchased it during or shortly after my years as a collegiate English major.  I had read it, deemed it a "keeper," placed it on a bookshelf, and then it had accompanied me through various moves to new cities and careers. 

As I looked at the cover, I realized there was only one passage that I could remember from the entire book:
"We shall not cease from exploration
And the end of all our exploring
Will be to arrive where we started
And know the place for the first time."
                                 (Little Gidding)
I decided it was time to give the book a "goodbye read" and donate it to the library.  Almost immediately (at the start of Burnt Norton) I found another memorable passage:
"Time present and time past
Are both perhaps present in time future,
And time future contained in time past,
If all time is eternally present
All time is unredeemable."
But what did it mean?  It's lyrical and clever - but I can't grasp the concept.

I kept reading, finding some interesting turns of phrase in Burnt Norton -
"... human kind
Cannot bear very much reality." 
- and in East Coker:
"... There is, it seems to us,
At best, only a limited value
In the knowledge derived from experience.
The knowledge imposes a pattern, and falsifies,
For the pattern is new in every moment..."
In this short work there was an abundance of unfamiliar and undoubtedly interesting words: suspire, behovely, sempiternal, chthonic, sortilege, scry, haruspicate, ineffable, appetency, tumid, periphrastic, hebetude, grimpen.  I'll need to look those up later (grimpen has an obvious connection to a certain Sherlockian mire).

By the time I finished the book, I realized Four Quartets is no longer "accessible" to me.  I can't consider myself successful to finish a book and wind up with just a handful of harvested quotes and interesting words if I don't also have a sense of what in the world I just finished reading.  This book took Eliot years to write and was meticulously crafted to encompass some of his deepest thoughts about religion and the "meaning of life."  But I can't for the life of me extract any of that for my own use.

It's not that I dislike T. S. Eliot.  I love Prufrock (see Spooning - and Prufrock - updated and Prufrock in cartoon format), and I fully intend to give The Waste Land (April is the cruellest month... Hurry up, please, its time...) a goodbye read.  But I expect it will be more of a dutiful read rather than an eager one.

And if T. S. Eliot is now beyond my ken, do I have the energy to read through The Canterbury Tales again?  Or Lord Byron's Don Juan, or Milton's Paradise Lost?  I consumed them eagerly as an undergraduate, secure in the knowledge that I was reading classic, perhaps immortal, literature and sharing an experience with dozens of generations of other readers worldwide.  If I had any hopes back then that I would be sitting with friends in my retirement to argue whether Byron's incestuous relationship with his half-sister Augusta Leigh influenced his writing of Don Juan, or to what extent Milton's blindness is reflected in his works, those hopes have long since faded.  Nowadays when I reach for something to read, my hand will bring down from the shelf something less challenging.

Image cropped for size from the original at Genius.

Addendum:  See also the 2023 post "...human kind/cannot bear very much reality"  Both of these seem related to Frost's The Road Not Taken.

"The Reason Why" (Cecil Woodham-Smith, 1953)


Another book I saved from 15 years ago to reread "someday."  And well worth doing so, because it is a fascinating and well-written book.

"Some one had blunder'd   
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die: 
Into the valley of Death  
Rode the six hundred."   
                    --- Alfred, Lord Tennyson

The passage above is basically all that I knew about the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War.   This book filled in the missing details.

The opening chapters present a devastating takedown of British command and control at the time of the Crimean War, thoroughly castigating the commanding officers for their utter lack of judgement.  She provides a surprisingly lucid discussion of the longstanding but outdated logic behind allowing commanding officers to buy their positions rather than qualify for them (basically a British fear that a powerful military might subvert the government and it would be better to have "quality" officers with a stake in the future of the country).  It had been seventeen years since Lord Lucan, for example, had managed a regiment, even on a parade ground, and the verbal orders had changed; he didn't know the new ones and required his cavalry to relearn the old ones.

In addition to battlefield ineptitude, the aristocratic military leadership showed a abysmal lack of understanding of logistics.  The British fleet sailed into the Black Sea to a hotbed of cholera with no preparations for such.
"Men who died of cholera were flung into the sea with weights at their feet, but the weights were too light; as the bodies decomposed they rose to the surface, the weights kept them upright, and they floated head and shoulders out of the water, hideous in the sun."
Men were packed into transport ships way too small, with no sanitary facilities.  Four thousand baggage animals were left behind (and starved to death), so the men had to transport their own tents and supplies to the battlefields.  There had been no reconnaissance of the battle sites; command was attempted from hilltops that had a half-an-hour lag time for transmission of messages to the battlefield by aide-de-camps.

The actual "charge of the light brigade" is presented in a chapter or two near the end. The charge was made toward a battery of cannons, with additional cannon fire from both flanks, as Tennyson described:
Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them
Volley'd & thunder'd;
Storm'd at with shot & shell,
Boldly they rode & well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell
Rode the six hundred.
And when they were forced to retreat...
Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon behind them...
Bruce Catton said of this book "Here is battle writing as good as the best."

I'll close with one caveat: the book will be difficult reading for anyone with a proper respect for horses.  Transport from England to Crimea was on ships not suited for horses, with inadequate restraints and supports ("only head ropes") resulting in a grievous morbidity and mortality in high seas; 43 horses on one side of the ship's hold would be dashed against their mangers and against the 43 on the other side "and this occurred every five minutes during the night."  Upon arrival there was inadequate grain for feed in the Black Sea ports.  At the battlefield...
"On Saturday, November 11, the horses had one handful of barley each as their day's food and the same the next day.  They were standing knee-deep in mud, with the bitter Crimean wind cutting their emaciated bodies.  They ate their straps, saddle flaps, and blankets, and gnawed each other's tails to stumps.  An order  had been issued that no horse was to be destroyed except for a broken limb or glanders, and horses, dying of starvation, lay in the mud in their death agony for three days, while no one dared shoot them."
I'll stop now and move on to some interesting words:
"He was very handsome, so handsome that it was feared his good looks would turn him into a coxcomb, and very gay, "the gayest of gay gallants," a contemporary calls him."  Or "cocks-comb," derived from the name of a cap worn by licensed professional fools.

"Parliament has never sought to attract to the command of the army men dependent on their pay... it was laid down that "the pay of an officer is an honorarium, not a merces..."  Pay, wages, from merx (related to merchandise, and of course mercenary).

"Though the 15th was a notably efficient regiment, the new commanding officer viewed it with disgust.  He demanded more glitter, more dash, and he set to work to drill, polish, pipeclay, reprimand, and discipline the 15th to within an inch of their lives."  A fine white clay used to make pipes, but in this sense, used to whiten leather.

"... a young officer of the Hussars who joined his regiment with a stud of blood-horses, three grooms, and two carriages, one of which carried his plate and linen."  From Old English stod ("herd of horses"), also obviously applied to horses individually and to the breeding process.
This book is the result of monumental research on Cecil Woodham-Smith's part.  She delved not only into public records and Parliamentary documents, but also into the private correspondence of the officers involved and their families.  There is frankly TMI to try to consume this in detail, but it can be skimmed to select out the best parts.

After finishing this reread, I've marked the author's other books for future reading.  She wrote an award-winning biography of Florence Nightingale, a biography of the early life of Queen Victoria, and more notably The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845-1849 about the "Celtic Holocaust" of the potato famine.

04 July 2019

Empowering amputees


The photo above (titled "Lost to cancer two years ago and still fighting multiple relapses. But very proud of how far I've come!") caused me to stop to ponder how different life is for modern amputees compared to just a generation or two ago.

The most famous advocate for leg amputees is Aimee Mullins, a double amputee since age one who went on to compete in NCAA division I track and field.   She presented this TED talk:


As she notes in the talk, she an wear a "blade" for athletics or choose from a variety of stylish or exotic legs, and adjust her height to whatever level she wants to be for the occasion.

Partition, 1947



The brief video above is one of several media presentations I've encountered in recent months discussing the 1947 partition of India (and creation of Pakistan and Bangladesh).  There was an excellent two-part podcast presented by the BBC in its series "The Documentary" (it might have been this one, but I can't access it right now).  Partition was also portrayed dramatically in the closing parts of the 1982 movie Gandhi.

This single event, responsible for so much social unrest in the subcontinent today, is I think not well covered in the American educational system.  I thought I had received a broad-based education, but I didn't know anything about the events of 1947 until I began working with colleagues and students from the subcontinent in the 1970s.  The video above is pretty good summary for TL;DR people.

This is a quintessentially American headline


Spotted in the Chicago Tribune

Pear trees as an invasive species

In the 1960s, America fell in love with a new tree: the Bradford pear. Cultivated from Asian stock by scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bradford pears display clouds of pretty blossoms in the spring and garnet leaves in the fall, and are hardy enough to grow just about anywhere. Thinking they had found the perfect ornamental tree, homeowners and public-works departments planted Bradford pears up and down the nation’s streets for decades, especially in the East, South, and Midwest.

Then the relationship soured. Bradfords are apt to split and break during storms, and they have a short life span, only 15 or 20 years. Although they are technically sterile, the trees cross-pollinate with other cultivars of the Callery pear species (Pyrus calleryana), producing fruit that splats all over sidewalks. And despite their delicate appearance, the blossoms emit a foul odor that’s been compared to rotting fish (among other things).

Once admired for its hardiness, the Bradford pear is now considered an invasive species, which grows even in poor conditions, proliferates fast—thanks to birds that dine on its fruit and spread the seeds—and crowds out native species...

Last year, the state of Ohio banned the sale or distribution of Callery pears, effective in 2023. The Indiana Natural Resources Commission has suggested it will add Pyrus calleryana to its list of banned invasive species in the future. In South Carolina, state foresters are asking property owners to remove Bradford pears. “We are saying cut them down when possible,’’ a forestry commission spokesperson told The State in March. “It is just generally a nuisance tree.’’

But deep taproots make the trees hard to eradicate, and rising temperatures are only furthering their reach. Previously, the pears’ intolerance of cold stopped them from moving very far north in the United States. Now climate change is causing growing zones to shift.

“The Callery pear never used to be in Wisconsin. In recent years, we’ve seen it spreading within Madison,” Culley said. “It’s been having a little trouble getting outside of Madison—at least that’s what I’ve heard. But we’re expecting it will slowly start to spread out from there.”
You learn something every day.

"Be my eyes"


The HumansBeingBros thread discusses whether an app like this could be dangerous if used by malicious people.  The app is here.

Available at Amazon: substandard, counterfeit textbooks


As reported by The New York Times:
“The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy” is a medical handbook that recommends the right amount of the right drug for treating ailments from bacterial pneumonia to infected wounds. Lives depend on it.

It is not the sort of book a doctor should puzzle over, wondering, “Is that a ‘1’ or a ‘7’ in the recommended dosage?” But that is exactly the possibility that has haunted the guide’s publisher, Antimicrobial Therapy, for the past two years as it confronted a flood of counterfeits — many of which were poorly printed and hard to read — in Amazon’s vast bookstore.

“This threatens a bunch of patients — and our whole business,” said Scott Kelly, the publisher’s vice president.

Dead writers get hit, too. Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” was pirated. So was a volume of classic stories by Jorge Luis Borges. For 18 months Amazon has sold a counterfeit of Agatha Christie’s “Murder on the Orient Express” despite warnings in reader reviews that it is a “monstrosity,” dispensing with such standard features as proofreading and paragraph indenting.

Technical books, which tend to be more expensive than fiction, are frequent victims...

Amazon, which does not break out revenue or profit from bookselling or publishing, assumes that everyone on its platform operates in good faith until proven otherwise. “It is your responsibility to ensure that your content doesn’t violate laws or copyright, trademark, privacy, publicity or other rights,” it tells prospective publishers and sellers...
Counterfeit technical  books are not new.  I remember seeing mass-produced (photocopied) physiology and pathology textbooks from Asia back in the 1970s.  But I was particularly saddened by the example featured in the story, because Jay Sanford was one of my teachers.  He would be appalled both by the pirating and by the shoddy quality of the pirated versions:


More information at the New York Times.

Images cropped for size from the originals.

"Reds"



I'm about 30 years late in reviewing this movie.  It was released when I was too busy with my career to go to the movies, but I placed it on my "bucket list" because it had 12 Academy Award nominations, losing "best picture" to Chariots of Fire.

The extended clip above portrays the film as a light romantic comedy, but it is way more complex than that, presenting the lives of two real people involved in the birth of the American communist party.  It is a long (3-hour) and sometimes difficult movie which is at times heavy in terms of polemics and political wrangling; with the judicious use of the fast-forward button I was able to focus on the best parts.

I think this movie presents Diane Keaton (nominated for Best Actress) at her best, especially in scenes of anger and argument; Maureen Stapleton won Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of anarchist Emma Goldman.  For those interested in political history, there are object lessons here regarding the fracturing of political parties and the surrendering of underlying political principles to the tyranny of pragmatic party politics.

03 July 2019

Monarchs


An abundance of eggs found on our milkweed in June has resulted in an abundance of Monarchs eclosing this week.  Eleven flew away on Monday, and eleven more today.

When they first eclose, we leave them hanging vertically from the empty chrysalis while they inflate their wings...

When they emerge in the morning, they like to hang from the east-facing screen porch screen.  In the early afternoon we have found that a thistle feeder (for finches) gives them an excellent grip surface and allows them time to harden those wings and charge their solar batteries before taking flight.

It never ceases to amaze me how a creature that ever since it popped out of an egg has only crawled on a milkweed plant can now soak up some sun and then tell itself "I guess these wing things are ready" and then... fly.  Typically first flapping and maybe circling higher, then setting those wings out sideways and soaring.  And then within a short time a creature with the structure and weight of a used Kleenex can (mirabile dictu!) fly upwind.

One last photo.  One doesn't often get to see the underside of the wing up close, but when butterflies first eclose they are quite docile and don't mind sitting for a portrait.  This is a nice view:

02 July 2019

Dabous giraffe

The two life-size giraffe petroglyphs, known as the Dabous giraffe, are the largest known animal carvings in the world. Despite their remote location in the Sahara, the prehistoric rock art was inevitably attracting attention, to the extent that damage was occurring. Under the auspices of UNESCO, the Bradshaw Foundation was tasked with coordinating the Dabous preservation project, in association with the Trust for African Rock Art...

Life in the region now known as the Sahara has evolved for millennia, in varying forms. One particular piece of evidence of this age-old occupation can be found at the pinnacle of a lonely rocky outcrop. Here, where the desert meets the slopes of the Air Mountains, lies Dabous, home to one of the finest examples of ancient rock art in the world - two life-size giraffe carved in stone. They were first recorded as recently as 1987 by Christian Dupuy. A subsequent field trip organised by David Coulson of the Trust for African Rock Art, brought the attention of archaeologist Dr Jean Clottes, who was startled by their significance, due to the size, beauty and technique.
 
The two giraffe, one large male in front of a smaller female, were engraved side by side on the sandstone’s weathered surface. The larger of the two is over 18 feet tall, combining several techniques including scraping, smoothing and deep engraving of the outlines...

How were the carvings created? 10,000 years ago there was no metal - this was well before the Bronze Age - so how did the artists carve the lines? They must have used a harder material like flint to carve the softer sandstone of Dabous. The desert sands surrounding the outcrop are covered with numerous chisels of petrified wood, perfect for wearing away grooves and then polishing the surface. This in itself magnifies the significance of Dabous, for its scale and craftsmanship, and therefore the amount of time it must have taken to execute.
More information at the Bradshaw Foundation regarding vandalism and preservation of these petroglyphs.

Photo via.

Pesäpallo



This was totally new to me.  You learn something every day.
Pesäpallo (Finnish pronunciation: [pesæpɑlːo]; Swedish: boboll, both names literally meaning "nest ball", colloquially known as Pesis, also referred to as "Finnish baseball") is a fast-moving bat-and-ball sport that is often referred to as the national sport of Finland and has some presence in other countries including Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada's northern Ontario (the latter two countries have significant Nordic populations). The game is similar to brännboll, rounders, and lapta, as well as baseball.

The basic idea of pesäpallo is similar to that of baseball: the offense tries to score by hitting the ball successfully and running through the bases, while the defense tries to put the batter and runners out. One of the most important difference between pesäpallo and baseball is that the ball is pitched vertically, which makes hitting the ball, as well as controlling the power and direction of the hit, much easier. This gives the offensive game more variety, speed, and tactical aspects compared to baseball. The fielding team is forced to counter the batter’s choices with defensive schemes and anticipation; Pesäpallo becomes a mental exercise. 
A more detailed video presentation without the snide comments is here.
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