While looking for more information, I found this (at The Virtual Ice Skates Museum):
There is a written 'description of the most noble city of London', drawn up in Latin and published in 1180, which was translated by Stow, a London chronicler, into English in the 16th century. The account was written by a man named Fitzstephen, who, at that time, was secretary to the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas à Beckett, and reads as follows: "(...) when the great fenne or moore (which watereth the walles of the citie on the North side) is frozen, many young men play upon the yce, some striding as wide as they may, doe slide swiftly (...) some tye bones to their feete, and under their heeles, and shoving themselves by a little picked staffe, doe slide as swiftly as birde flyeth in the aire, or an arrow out of a crossbow. Sometime two runne together with poles, and hitting one the other, eyther one or both doe fall, not without hurt; some break their armes, some their legs, but youth desirous of glorie, in this sort exerciseth it selfe against time of warre (...)". From this description it appears that it is likely that in the 12th century ice skates with metal blades did not yet exist.And this from a more recent era:
In the 19th century, when archaeology became a science, these bones were found at several places in Europe when making excavations. Generally they concern bones out of the legs of cattle like horses, cows and sheep. They were made suitable for gliding by flattening one side and drilling holes athwart for fastening them with laces. Further research has made clear that the use of bones as gliders under sledges and feet in northern Europe has been wide spread.
Though the enemy could iron their boots and thus walk on the slippery surface they had few chances against the defenders that moved around at great speed on their ice skates. The picture shows that regiments were drilled to move on frozen water, here on the River Merwede before the city of Dordrecht.And finally, the word "glis" for the skate is not to be confused with glis glis, which is an edible dormouse.
I'm surprised that there was enough ice to skate on next to the walls of London. Unless I'm badly misinformed here, that hasn't happened in hundreds of years.
ReplyDeleteVery cool.
ReplyDeleteBtw, in case you are wondering, the bone in the picture is a bovid metacarpal (very useful for various tasks along human prehistory and history).
Actually I was wondering exactly that. I knew it wasn't human, but couldn't analyze further than that.
ReplyDeleteTx.
Am curious of the use of the word "cattle" to denote not only cows, as is current use, but also horses and sheep.
ReplyDeletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thames_frost_fairs
ReplyDeleteVery interesting link; thanks, anon.
ReplyDeleteGood question, other anon. I looked it up; here's the Wikipedia entry, which is quicker to copy/paste than the OED entry:
ReplyDelete"Cattle did not originate as the term for bovine animals. It was borrowed from Old French catel, itself from Latin caput, head, and originally meant movable personal property, especially livestock of any kind, as opposed to real property (the land, which also included wild or small free-roaming animals such as chickens — they were sold as part of the land). The word is closely related to "chattel" (a unit of personal property) and "capital" in the economic sense. The term replaced earlier Old English feoh "cattle, property" (cf. German: Vieh, Gothic: faihu).
The word cow came via Anglo-Saxon cū (plural cȳ), from Common Indo-European gʷōus (genitive gʷowes) = "a bovine animal", compare Persian Gâv, Sanskrit go, Welsh buwch.[citation needed]
In older English sources such as the King James Version of the Bible, "cattle" refers to livestock, as opposed to "deer" which refers to wildlife."
I might blog that separately. You learn something every day.