Q: "One morning I went for a walk. I walked two miles south, then two miles east, then two miles north, and I was back where I started. I saw a bear. What color was it?"The answer was "white" because the only place on earth where that set of directions would return you to your origin was the North Pole. And, of course, if you were standing at the North Pole and wanted to describe the position of anything, it would be "south" - there not being a "southwest" or "southeast" from the pole itself. (The Mercury crater described earlier could, of course, have been near the pole and the second one could be "west" in a circular fashion around the pole, but it sounded like a curious description coming from a NASA scientist).
So I Googled "east/west of the north/south pole" in all four combinations, and came up with quite a few hits. Most of them referred to Antarctica, and many of them were in scientific publications. The briefest answer to my question came in a reply to a letter-to-the-editor in the New York Times three years ago, when someone asked if everything wasn't by definition north of the South pole?
You are right, of course. The only direction one can go from the South Pole is north. But that is not very useful if you want to know where on a map of Antarctica to look for Dome Argus, the site of the observatory.It appears there are two closely-related conventions used for Antarctica. One is to use the prime meridian, and the other is to use the Transantarctic Mountains as arbitrary divisors for the continent. You learn something every day.
The prime meridian, which divides the world arbitrarily into east and west, cuts through Antarctica, similarly dividing it. Dome Argus is in East Antarctica, so it was a natural shortcut to describe it as ''east'' of the pole.
I suppose similar conventions are used for extraterrestrial mapping. I wonder who decides where the "prime meridian" is located on Mercury/Venus/Mars - and what about Jupiter or a giant gaseous planet where the visible features are always changing?
Image via Mapping East Antarctica's Uncharted Territory.
There are of course an infinite number of other places on earth where the set of directions in the bear story will return you to your origin. Consider the points one mile north of the latitudes where the circumference of the earth, close to the South Pole, is 2/N miles, for N = 1 to infinity.
ReplyDeleteBut the solution posted still holds, because there are no bears at the South Pole.
It's the Eastern Hemisphere vs the Western Hemisphere
ReplyDeleteKniffler, that doesn't quite work. After you travel 1 mile south, you can't travel the second mile south - it would have to be north. Even if you allow "east" and "west" from the pole, I don't see how something could be "south" of the south pole.
ReplyDeleteAnon, I think Kniffler is right. His postulated starting point is not one mile north of the south pole, but one mile north of the latitude where you could walk one mile south and then be in position to circle the globe after going one mile east or west.
ReplyDeleteThe poles are singularities. All longitudes come together at one infinitesimally small point at the pole. If you move, at all, in any direction from, say, the South Pole, you are moving north. If you are 100 feet away from the South Pole, you need to walk clockwise, in a circle, around the pole to go "east" and counter-clockwise to go "west". Based on this, if you are standing right ON the pole (where any movement is northward movement), you would actually need to rotate in place in a clockwise fashion to "move east" and turn counter-clockwise to "move west". That fact that you aren't really moving is due to the breakdown of laws at the singularity.
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